Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM)

Congratulation !!! Mysore , Mangalore, Shriguppa & Bhatkal for becoming the SWM ICONs
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            It is estimated that nearly 30 percent of the total waste generated remains uncollected and scattered on streets in almost all Indian Cities resulting in unhygienic conditions and environment degradation. Cities and towns with population ranging from 1 lakh to 25 lakh typically generate between 200 to 500 grams of solid waste per day.

            Although Solid Waste management is one of the important obligatory functions of ULBs and employs the maximum number of staff of the ULBs and requires every day attention and care, there is no single standard/ norm(s) or practice(s) applicable to urban areas in India for effective functioning of this core service. As the collection of Solid waste differs from city/town to city/town, ULBs have to choose between various options available to them depending upon local conditions, users, fiscal capacity, infrastructure development, population size and other factors. 
Conventional Waste Management practices in ULB     
          Solid waste management services provision in the urban local bodies focuses on the collection and transport of wastes. The solid wastes are disposed of by the waste generators either on the road and other informal locations or the garbage bins provided by the ULB. The waste being disposed of is un-segregated consisting of organics, dry substances like plastic, leather etc and hazardous substances including hospitals wastes, tubelights etc. The waste from the road is swept by the Pourakarmikas and collected at a bin or other intermediate points. The bins are mostly RCC bins of capacities of 540 liters or 1100 liters. From this locations the waste are collected by the transport vehicles and transferred to the disposal point. The transport vehicles are tractor-trailers, small trucks or large trucks. The waste is manually lifted from the intermediate points in baskets and transferred to the vehicles. At the disposal point open dumping of waste is practiced. The waste is also generally burnt to reduce the volume and extend the life of the disposal site.

           Given the dismal situation of Solid Waste Management practices in the country & having no solution in sight, a public interest litigation was filed in Hon’ble Supreme Court of India by Mrs. Almitra Patel v/s Union of India & others seeking directions from the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India to the Urban Local Bodies as well as the Government of India & the State Governments in the country, for improving Solid Waste Management Practices expeditiously. Based on which formed high level empowered committee which submitted detailed report to GOI prescribing the actions to be taken by the ULBs & support that may be extended by the GOI & State Government for improving solid waste management practices. Based on the report GOI through MOEF formulated Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling waste) 2000.
Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Urban Local bodies In Karnataka

           A Policy on Integrated Solid Waste Management was adopted by the State in 2004. Pursuant to Supreme Court’s guidelines and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, mode of treatment and landfill operation to be carried out in landfill sites has been clearly spelt out.

         The objective is to develop and implement scientific & sustainable methods for Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) comprising of segregation, storage. collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste by proper utilization of resources (men, money and materials) in Urban Local Bodies of the state, as per the provisions of MSWM Rules 2000 and state policy.  

          Fund were made available under 11th Finance and 12th Finance Commissions for purchase of land, development of landfill site, procurement of tools, equipments & vehicles and IEC activities. 


1st phase (2004) – 57 ULBs under Nirmala Nagara Programme (most of them are City corporations and City municipal councils)
2nd phase (2006) – 73 ULBs (most of them are Town municipal councils)
3rd phase (2007)  – Remaining 91 ULBs (most of which are Town panchayats)
    
The major activities taken up under implementation of ISWM
# Procurement of land for landfill site.
 
# Development of landfill site, i.e. formation of internal and external approach roads, Fencing/compound wall construction, drilling of bore well, construction of watchman shed, plantation of trees, development of waste processing and disposal facilities etc. 

# Procurement of tools, equipment & vehicles as per the approved Action plans which are required for ISWM implementation.

# Carrying out IEC activities through selected NGOs, to create awareness among the general public about SWM.

# Development of centralized/decentralized composting units with the help of SHGs/ RWAs/ NGOs/ ULB staff.

GOK INITIATIVES

# Approved State Policy for implementation of Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) based on MSW Rules 2000 in local bodies giving guidelines for all the activities under MSWM, defining roles and responsibilities of all the stake-holders viz., Urban Local Body, elected representatives, waste generators, NGOs, RWAs, SHGs, IEC-activities etc.,

# Revised Cadre and Management Rules of Urban Local Bodies and created post of environmental Engineers to build technical capability of the local bodies in handling MSW as per MSW Rules 2000.

# 123 Environmental Engineers have been selected and posted in all the ULBs except TPs.

# 285 Junior Health Inspectors have been recruited for implementation of urban sanitation programme during 2006-07 and counseling system was followed for postings.

# About one crore urban population have been educated through Information, Education and Communication activities on Solid Waste Management.

# 400 Urban Stree Shakthi Groups have been involved in door to door collection of waste to strengthen their financial capability. 

# Approved 11 standard tender documents for each of the activities for adoption.

# Approved following two technical manuals:

a. Design and Specifications of the Tools & Equipments for Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Bodies.

b. Integrated Solid Waste Management for Treatment & Landfill operations in Urban Local Bodies.

# A short film on MSWM for bringing awareness to all the stake-holders involved in MSWM.

# Issued six short books on MSW for educating all the stake-holders

# Intensive capacity building programmes have been organized for ULB’s officials and staffs.
Objective of the SWM programme
        The objective is to ensure Clean & Safe Environment through systematic collection, transportation & disposal of waste in ULBs

        Important steps of SWM programme:
# Segregation & Storage of waste at source
# Door to Door collection
# Street Sweeping
# Secondary Collection
# Secondary Transportation
# Scientific Treatment
# Safe disposal of waste
Click here for more...


Progress achieved in implementation of solid waste management programme.
   
 I. Landfill site details:
Total No. of ULBs 218
Exempted from establishing landfill site 1
Number of ULBs disposing/intended to dispose MSW in common landfill site (Channapattana CMC in Ramanagara CMC site, Vijayapura TMC in Devanahalli TMC site, Ullala TMC in Mangalore CC site, Saligrama TP in Udupi CMC, Shahabad NAC in Shahabad CMC site, Bhimarayanagudi NAC in Shahapura TMC, Maddur TMC in Mandya CMC site) 7
Possession of the land already taken / Authorized for taking possession 183
Number of land acquisition/purchase in progress 27
II. Inertization and Land fill site development

         Under fast track cities project, 8 ULBs were selected for the implementation of SWM programme including development of inertisation & landfill facility on BOT basis. The DPRs & Tender documents are prepared for all the 8 cities.
 # Out of 182 ULBs with landfill sites, 132 ULBs have prepared action plan for infrastructure development in landfill sites, and over 80 ULBs have completed preliminary infrastructure works in the landfill sites
 # Shimoga and Belgaum have finalized the operator to develop sanitary landfill facilities .
 # Mangalore, Karwar, Udupi and Puttur have already developed (under KUDCEMP)sanitary landfill facilities 
 # Directions are issued for 16 selected ULBs to invite Expression of Interest (EOI) to develop integrated MSW treatment and land filling facilities on BOT basis
III. Procurement of tools & equipment
  • All 57 ULBs (including 8 ULBs, recently merged with BBMP) in first phase, 73 ULBs in second phase and 86 ULBs (out of 91) in the third phase have finalized the action plan for SWM. 
  • 108 ULBs have completed the procurement of tools, equipments & vehicles.
  • Because of difficulties in procurement of tools, equipment & vehicles by the individual ULBs, Deputy Commissioners are authorized to invite tenders (Rate contract) for the ULBs of their district.
  • 79 ULBs have started Door to Door collection.
  • More than 1000 SHGs have been identified and more than 400 SHGs have been involved in door to door collection
  • 63 ULBs have started the secondary collection and transportation.
  • Rs.10465.84 lakhs released to ULBs for procurement of tools, equipment and vehicles
IV. Information, Education and Education (IEC) programme:

        To create awareness among public about scientific handling and management of waste, IEC activities were taken up in ULBs through the selected NGOs.

 # In the first phase, IEC was taken up in 43 NN towns
 # In the second phase, IEC programme was extended to 23 CMCs & 66 TMCs.
 # In the third phase IEC programme is been extended to all 81 TPs 
 Fund details 
  
COMPONENTS EFC TFC TOTAL
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
Purchase of landfill site 1758.24 0   0 0   0 0 0 0 0 1758.24
Landfill site development 518.97 1615.00  320.00 622.00 221.02 1283.90 408.30 408.30 408.30 5805.79
Tools and Equipment 3251.33 0 1293.00 793.00 1308.41 331.10 1163.00 1163.00 1163.00 10465.84
 IEC Programme 121.12 0 0 0 85.57 0 43.7 43.7 43.7 337.79
Total 5649.66 1615.00 1613.00  1415.00 1615.00 1615.00 1615.00 1615.00 1615.00 21597.66
          
# Initiatives taken by DMA & UDD towards Facilitating SWM in ULBs(Click here)
# BEST PRACTICES ON SWM-KARNATAKA STATE    
#  Community Compost Planted At Rajarajeshwari Nagara Bengaluru
#  Daily Dump Organisation

#  Karnataka Compost Development Corporation Limited

# BEST PRACTICES ON SWM-OTHER STATE

#  Suraypete, Andhra 



# Acts & Rules... click here 
# Circular... click here 
Important Websites
#         UDD website #

#   SPCB website#

 #   CPCB website#

 #   MOEF website#

 #   CMAK website#

 #   KUIDFC website#




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